Malnutrition refers to excesses, deficiencies, and imbalances in an individual’s intake of nutrients. It is categorized into two terminologies i.e. overnutrition and undernutrition. Overnutrition is also called as hyperalimentation. It is defined as a form of malnutrition in which the nutrient intake is overloaded. Hyperalimentation tends to cause when the amount of nutrition exceed for development, growth, and metabolism. This may cause vitamin poisoning. It causes overweight and obesity. Under nutrition is defined as insufficient intake of energy and nutrients required to meet individuals need in order to maintain good health. Undernutrition results in weight loss, fatigue, sunken eyes, hollow cheeks, delayed wound healing, irritability, depression, and anxiety.
The risk of malnutrition arises due to the weight loss of surgeries and is caused because of gastric bypass surgery and also these are indirectly related to non-communicable diseases like heart stroke, cardiac arrest, diabetes and cancer.
Causes of malnutrition are:
- Geriatric individuals living in poverty, having digestive problems, or a high risk of malnutrition.
- People having limited access to food.
- People having issues that affect nutrient absorption.
Risks of malnutrition:
- Anemia
- Osteoporosis due to insufficient vitamins and calcium
- Growth and development issues in pediatrics and infants
- Fertility issues
- Irregular menstrual cycles
- A decrease in immune function
Prevention and treatment:
The first and foremost method to overcome this condition is to have a healthy diet food having a rich of nutrients. High intake of fruits, vegetables, ample lean protein. Avoidance of processed food, beverages, and sugars.
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